超大断面水平隧道纵向通风临界风速CFD分析

首先介绍了临界风速研究的基本思路及国内外主要研究成果.结合国内某长大公路隧道设计,建立一长300m、水力高度10.64m的水平隧道模型,通过CFD模拟确定超大断面隧道临界风速的影响因子及相应的准则关联式.模拟表明:与火灾热释放速率相比,环境温度的影响可以忽略不计;与Atkinson(模型试验)及Buxton(大尺度试验)相似,临界风速随热释放速率的变化分为两个区域,与低热释放速率时不同,一旦热释放速率超过40MW,临界风速的变化明显趋于缓慢.     

虹吸管排气设备适用条件探讨

探讨了虹吸管利用文氏管及自动排气阀排气的可行性.对文氏管排气的适用条件进行了分析计算,提出了设计计算的基本原则;对自动排气阀不能用于虹吸管排气的理由进行了分析.     

泥石流冲击力的野外测量

冲击作用是泥石流最为剧烈的一种破坏方式。泥石流的冲击力因此也成为泥石流工程防治和危险性分区中的重要参数。然而,由于其破坏力巨大,可靠的野外泥石流的冲击力数据比较少。2004年通过在云南蒋家沟建立的泥石流冲击力野外测试装置和新研制的力传感器以及数据采集系统,首次测得不同流深位置、长历时、波形完整的泥石流冲击力信号。原始信号经过低通滤波处理后,得到真实的泥石流冲击力数据。对数据的初步分析发现,在同等流速的条件下,连续流的冲击力要比阵性流的大得多。单就阵性流而言,泥石流的冲击力最大值也不是随流速而单调增加的,而应该跟它所携带的固体物质的大小有很密切的关系。最后,对不同位置的冲击力过程线的分析说明泥石流中中等粒径的石块多集中在龙头和流体表面,而大粒径的石块应该是在泥石流体中半悬浮运动。     

The Effect of Agitator Impeller Design on Maximum Shear Stress, and the Resulting Impact on the Flocculation Process

Although it is extensively researched, flocculation in the water-treatment industry lacks a design procedure to assess accurately the performance of the different types of agitator impeller which are available. New high-efficiency, hydrofoil-type impellers offer substantial potential for flocculation duties in many areas, provided that they are applied correctly. This paper highlights the importance of the 'velocity gradient'and the distribution of shear within the agitation system. The objective of the paper is to help engineers to evaluate different types of proprietary impeller designs, using various techniques to examine the shear distribution applied to the system.     

高大空间喷漆作业环境漆雾控制的一种新方法

利用局部静压箱和条缝型百叶排风口在污染控制区形成上送风下排风的气流组织形式.因送排风口距离小可以形成强劲的吹、吸气流,能克服冬季送热风时浮力对气流的影响,同时由于控制区域小,不污染附近的作业环境,因此可取得漆雾控制的最佳效果.     

蒸发冷却空调房间气流组织的数值模拟

应用κ-ε二方程湍流模型和数值模拟方法对蒸发冷却空调房间的三维温度场，速度场以及热舒适指标进行了模拟，研究结果表明，蒸发冷却空调器能够有效地改善室内热环境，较好地满足了人体热舒适在通风和空气调节方面的要求。常规满足最不利条件时空调要求的设计方案，适用于蒸发冷却空调的设计。     

A parameterization of dust concentration (PM₁₀) of dust events observed at Erdene in Mongolia using the monitored tower data

Hourly mean time series of dust concentration (PM₁₀) measured at 3 m high and a sonic-anemometer measured momentum and kinematic heat fluxes at 8 m high above the surface have been obtained from a 20-m monitoring tower located at Erdene in the Asian dust source region of Mongolia for years of 2009 and 2010. These time series were used to identify dust events and to develop optimal regression equations for the dust concentration of dust events with the friction velocity (u_*) and the convective velocity scale (w_*). In total, 68 dust events were identified in 2009 (except for November) and 43 dust events for the period from March to August in 2010. The duration of each dust event ranged from 3-29 h in 2009 and 5-35 h in 2010. The maximum hourly mean dust concentration of the dust event was found to be 4,107 μg m^− 3 in May in 2009 and 4,708 μg m^− 3 in March in 2010 while a minimum of 251 μg m^− 3 in August in 2009 and 662 μg m^− 3 in June in 2010. The optimal regression equation for the dust concentration (C) of dust events was found to have the form of log C = a + b(u_* + cw_*)ⁿ, where a, b, c and n are constants that vary month to month. The convective velocity scale (w_*) that has not been taken into account in most dust modelings was found to enhance the dust concentration of dust events during the cold period from December to March when the soil temperature was below the freezing level for both the stable (w_* < 0) and unstable (w_* > 0) stratifications, whereas the convective velocity caused a reduction in the dust concentrations during the warm period from April to October, suggesting the importance of the convective velocity to estimate dust concentration of dust events.     

建筑膜结构荷载的超声快速测定方法

采用超声同面平测法研究了建筑膜材荷载与超声波传播速度之间的关系以及经纬向荷载比对超声法测定结果的影响,建立了超声法测试膜材经、纬向荷载的标准曲线,提出了利用现场同条件试件修正换算荷载值的方法。结果表明,超声法测试膜材荷载具有快速、准确的特点,经纬向荷载比对超声法测定结果没有影响。经过同条件试件修正以后超声法的平均相对误差可以减小到±15.50%,甚至小于±10%,完全能够满足工程测试的技术要求,从而显示出良好的应用前景。     

某HERMES专营店空调设计研究

本文介绍了某HERMES专营店的空调设计方法。为了使室内获得舒适的温度以及合理的气流组织形式,笔者建立了专营店空调设计的物理几何模型,利用CFD软件对该有限空间的气流场和温度场进行了仿真模拟,并根据仿真结果修正了原有的空调设计方案。专营店的空调正常运行后,笔者又对其运行状况进行了现场测量,并将测量记录的结果与CFD仿真模拟结果进行对比分析,符合性较好。本文的研究可以作为利用CFD软件评估和指导有限空间空调设计的有益尝试。     

土层中剪切波速一些较明显的特征的探讨

波速测试是物理勘探方法的一种,近几年来,它是岩土工程测试中一种发展很快的技术。本文对剪切波速测试在岩土工程勘察中一些比较明显的特征和作用进行探讨。